Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR)

In some cases, surgical sperm retrieval is done to physically retrieve sperm using various methods such as epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE). The sperm obtained can then be integrated into ART procedures, such as IVF or ICSI for successful conception.

This is usually recommended when a male patient faces problems naturally ejaculating or sperm is absent from semen due to obstruction or other factors.